While exposure to ultraviolet light is a major risk factor in developing melanoma, it is not the only factor. Patients who have a higher risk of developing melanoma, the most deadly form of skin cancer, tend to have one or more of the following traits:
- fair skin
- red hair
- a history of sunburns, especially with blistering
- a large number of moles
- atypical moles
- close family members (parents, siblings, or children) who developed melanoma
Considering how melanoma develops, there are two main strategies anyone can use to lower their risk of dealing with advanced forms of skin cancer.
First, physical protection against the sun is important. Though ultraviolet radiation is not the only risk factor for developing skin cancer, as noted above, it is a significant one. Anyone spending time outside should wear a broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 30—even on cloudy days. Sunscreen should be applied about 15 minutes before going outside, then reapplied every two hours spent under the sky. It should also be reapplied if washed off by sweat or water activities. Long sleeves, pants, close-toed shoes, and hats are very effective guards against UV exposure.
Secondly, yearly skin cancer checks from a dermatologist can help a professional spot possible signs of the disease and get confirmation early for the rapid start of treatment, if necessary. Your dermatologist may also photograph certain moles in order to have a visual record for comparison in future visits, to determine if the growth is changing over time.
Remember that you are the best first line of defense when it comes to spotting something amiss, since you are the most aware of how your skin looks and feels from day to day. Keep an eye on moles, as well as other developments that impact your skin. That way, during your skin check with a dermatologist, you can alert the doctor to any suspicious moles or other areas of concern.
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